![]() There is ample debate within the scientific community on the efficacy of brain training programs and controversy on the ethics of promoting brain training software to potentially vulnerable subjects.Ĭognitive training has been studied by scientists for the past 100 years. Brain plasticity reflects the ability for the brain to change and grow in response to the environment. Numerous studies have indicated that aspects of brain structure remain "plastic" throughout life. Cognitive training activities can take place in numerous modalities such as cardiovascular fitness training, playing online games or completing cognitive tasks in alignment with a training regimen, playing video games that require visuospatial reasoning, and engaging in novel activities such as dance, art, and music. Cognitive training reflects a hypothesis that cognitive abilities can be maintained or improved by exercising the brain, analogous to the way physical fitness is improved by exercising the body. The phrase “cognitive ability” usually refers to components of fluid intelligence such as executive function and working memory. For the video game series, see Brain Age.īrain training (also called cognitive training) is a program of regular activities purported to maintain or improve one's cognitive abilities. These results provide insight into the intricate associations between different measures of brain and physical health in old age, and corroborate established public health advice promoting physical activity."Brain Training" redirects here. We also found a significant interaction between sex and subcortical brain age on number of daily steps, indicating younger-appearing brains in more physically active women, with no significant associations among men. Voxelwise analysis supported widespread significant associations. The analyses revealed a significant association between global FA and walking speed, indicating higher white matter integrity in people with higher pace. ![]() ![]() In addition, based on the results from the main analysis, follow-up regression analysis was performed to test for association between the volume of key subcortical regions of interest (hippocampus, caudate, thalamus and cerebellum) and daily steps, and a follow-up voxelwise analysis to test for associations between walking speed and FA across the white matter Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) skeleton. We used a multimodal brain imaging approach offering complementary structural MRI based indicators of brain health: global white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) based on diffusion tensor imaging, and subcortical and global brain age based on brain morphology inferred from T1-weighted MRI data. ![]() In the current study, we examined cross-sectional associations between physical activity, recorded by an ankle-positioned accelerometer for seven days, physical capability (grip strength, postural control, and walking speed), and neuroimaging based surrogate markers of brain health in 122 healthy older adults aged 65–88 years. Studies investigating the associations between brain health and physical activity in late life have, however, mainly been based on self-reported data or measures designed for clinical populations. Maintaining high levels of daily activity and physical capability have been proposed as important constituents to promote healthy brain and cognitive aging. ![]()
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